When headaches are chronic, it can be hard for you or your
loved one to work, socialize, exercise, read, or engage in other meaningful
activities without treatment. Constant or frequently recurring pain can make it
harder to function over time, decreasing quality of life. Chronic headaches
also may indicate an underlying medical condition that could be serious if left
untreated.Recognizing warning signs and understanding potential causes
of headaches can help seniors and their loved ones get a diagnosis and
incorporate effective headache management strategies to relieve pain and live
more comfortably.What Are Chronic Headaches?Chronic headaches occur 15 or more days per month and can
stem from muscle tension, stress, fatigue, and other factors, leading to
throbbing temples, a stiff neck, watery eyes, and eye strain.Types of Chronic HeadachesChronic headaches can occur for different reasons and may
vary in intensity, duration, and symptoms. Understanding the type of headache
you or your loved one is experiencing can help you find the right treatment and
prevention strategies.Here are some common types of chronic headaches:
Tension
headaches: Stress and muscle tension in the neck and scalp trigger
these headaches.
Cluster
headaches: Sudden-onset pain on one side of the head for short periods
that then repeats several times daily.
Medication-overuse
headaches: Caused by taking headache-relief medication too often,
which can change pain pathways in the brain.
Caffeine-withdrawal
headaches: If you drink beverages with caffeine on a regular basis,
quitting suddenly can cause a headache
Dehydration headaches: When you dont drink
enough water, it can affect your blood pressure, blood flow, and pain
receptors, causing headaches
Sinus
headache: A sinus infection or severe allergies can cause pain or
pressure in the head.
Chronic Headaches vs. MigrainesThough often conflated, chronic headaches and migraines are
different conditions. The main difference is that a migraine is more severe
with pulsing or throbbing pain on one side of the head that can last for hours
or days. Migraines are typically triggered by hormones, weather changes,
certain foods, sleep disturbances, and stress.While there are several types of migraines the most common
are:
Migraine
without aura: Typical migraine pain, such as throbbing or pulsing on
one side of the head, nausea, and sensitivity to lights, sounds, and
odors.
Migraine
with aura: Typical migraine pain preceded by a migraine aura which can
include neurological symptoms like dizziness, vision changes, numbness or
tingling, tinnitus, or not being able to speak clearly.
What Causes Chronic Headaches in Older Adults?Chronic headaches in older adults are usually caused by
lifestyle factors, such as stress, poor sleep, too much caffeine, dehydration,
poor posture, physical inactivity, and more. Family history of chronic
headaches or migraines can also contribute.Additionally, seniors are more likely to develop chronic
health conditions with age, which may lead to chronic headaches. For example:
Unmanaged
high blood pressure can trigger hypertension-related headaches.
People
with diabetes are more prone to migraines, and poorly managed
blood sugar levels can cause headaches.
Untreated
sleep apnea makes it hard to sleep well, increasing the risk of headaches.
Arthritis
pain that alters posture can lead to tension headaches.
Ignoring vision loss can lead to headaches from eye strain.
Withdrawal
symptoms of alcohol dependency can include severe headaches.
When a Headache Signals Something More SeriousSerious conditions that can cause headache-related symptoms
include stroke, hypertension, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).If youre wondering when to be concerned about headaches,
consider these factors:
Does
the pain keep coming back?
Are
headaches paired with nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light or sound?
Do you
see visual disturbances, such as an aura, flashes of light, or blind
spots?
Are
you experiencing dizziness or balance problems?
Do you
have a stiff neck, fever, nausea, and vomiting?
Did
symptoms start after a fall or a bump on the head?
If headaches are associated with the following symptoms,
seek emergency care:
A
sudden, intense headache
The
worst headache of your life
Extreme
dizziness or confusion
Numbness
or weakness in your extremities
Head
pain after a car accident, fall, or other head injury
Slurred
speech
How to Manage & Prevent Chronic HeadachesIt isnt possible to prevent every headache, but you can
work to reduce their frequency and severity. These strategies can help you or
your loved one manage chronic headaches:
Adopt
healthy lifestyle habits, such as staying hydrated all day, eating nutritious foods, and getting enough sleep.
Manage stress with mindfulness meditation or other
relaxation techniques.
Maintain
a regular fitness routine that includes senior-friendly
cardio and mobility exercises. Be sure to consult your doctor
before beginning a new exercise program.
When headache symptoms become too severe to handle alone,
consider these options:
Medications:
Over the counter (OTC) or prescription pain relievers may help ease
symptoms. Before taking any new medication, ask a healthcare provider or
pharmacist about potential drug interactions and proper usage to reduce the risk of
medication-overuse headaches.
Physical
Therapy: If tense muscles or poor posture are contributing to
headaches, physical therapy can provide simple exercises,
stretches, and posture training to alleviate pain.
Geriatric
Massage: Massages specific to senior needs can reduce
stress, loosen tight muscles, and improve mobility to address pain.
Frequently Asked Questions About Chronic HeadachesHow can I tell if a headache is serious?A headache is serious if it comes on quickly, causes extreme
dizziness or confusion, leads to numbness or tingling in extremities, and/or
occurs after a fall or injury to the head. If you or a loved one is
experiencing any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical care.Whats the difference between a chronic headache and a
migraine?A chronic headache is defined as mild to severe head pain
occurring 15 or more days per month. Chronic headaches can be caused by muscle
tension, stress, caffeine withdrawal, dehydration, sinus infections, and more.A migraine is more severe head pain that lasts anywhere from
a few hours to a few days thats felt on one side of the head along with nausea
and sensitivity to light, sound, and/or odor. Migraines are categorized by
with aura or without aura and can be caused by hormonal changes, shifts in
the weather, poor sleep, stress, and more.How can I support someone with frequent headaches or
migraines?If your loved one experiences frequent headaches or
migraines, there are many ways you can support them. You can encourage them to
get plenty of sleep, maintain healthy eating habits, stay physically active,
and focus on reducing stress. Additionally, you can recommend that they speak
with their healthcare provider about headache or migraine treatments.When should in-home care be considered for headache
management?If you or a senior loved one struggles with completing activities
of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, grooming, or eatingdue to
severe or chronic headache symptoms, in-home care can be a helpful solution.
Professional caregivers and nurses can assist with senior health goals and
proper medication usage at home, while also providing emotional support and
companionship.