3 Reasons You Might Benefit From a Medigap Plan

Hearing loss is common as we get older, but that doesn't mean it should be ignored. For many older adults, hearing changes happen gradually. They may not realize how much their hearing has changed, or they may become accustomed to asking people to repeat themselves, turning up the television, or avoiding conversations in noisy environments.Family members are often among the first people to notice that an older loved one may be having difficulty hearing. Recognizing the signs and approaching the subject with patience and understanding can make it easier for a senior to receive the hearing care they need.Understanding Hearing Loss in Older AdultsAge-related hearing loss can develop slowly over time. Rather than suddenly losing the ability to hear, an older adult may gradually have more difficulty understanding certain voices, following conversations, or hearing higher-pitched sounds.Hearing loss can affect more than the ability to hear words. It can make communication more challenging and may cause an older adult to miss important information or feel frustrated during conversations.Because hearing loss often develops gradually, a person may not realize that others are speaking normally while their ability to hear and understand has changed.Signs Your Loved One May Have Hearing LossFamily members may notice signs of hearing loss before an older adult recognizes them.Some common signs include: Frequently asking others to repeat themselves Turning the television or radio volume up very high Having difficulty following conversations Struggling to hear in restaurants or other noisy environments Frequently misunderstanding what people say Having difficulty hearing on the telephone Watching people's faces closely while they speak Complaining that everyone seems to mumble Avoiding social gatherings or group conversations Responding inappropriately because they misunderstood a question If several of these behaviors sound familiar, it may be worthwhile to encourage your loved one to have their hearing evaluated.Hearing Loss Can Affect More Than CommunicationIt can be easy to think of hearing loss as simply a problem with hearing conversations. However, communication difficulties can affect many areas of an older adult's daily life.Someone who struggles to hear may become frustrated when talking with family and friends. They may stop participating in group conversations because they cannot follow what is being said.Over time, an older adult may begin avoiding restaurants, community activities, family gatherings, or other social situations where hearing is difficult.Helping a loved one address hearing difficulties can make it easier for them to remain engaged with the people and activities they enjoy.Why Some Seniors Resist Hearing CareIt isn't unusual for an older adult to be reluctant to acknowledge hearing loss.They may believe that their hearing is "good enough," feel embarrassed about needing hearing aids, or worry that others will view them differently. Some people may also assume that hearing loss is simply an unavoidable part of aging.Family members should approach the conversation with compassion rather than criticism.Instead of saying, "You can't hear anything anymore," try explaining how better hearing could make everyday conversations easier and help your loved one stay connected with family and friends.Start the Conversation With UnderstandingTalking about hearing loss can be sensitive. Choose a quiet, comfortable time to discuss your concerns rather than bringing up the subject during a frustrating conversation.You might explain that you've noticed they are having difficulty hearing and that you would like to help them find out why.It can also help to make the conversation about their quality of life rather than focusing on what they are doing wrong.For example, you can point out that a hearing evaluation could help them hear conversations more comfortably at family gatherings, restaurants, or other activities they enjoy.Encourage a Hearing EvaluationIf you or your loved one notices signs of hearing difficulty, the next step is a professional hearing evaluation.A hearing evaluation can help determine whether hearing loss is present and provide information about the type and degree of hearing difficulty.Depending on the results, a hearing professional can discuss available options and help determine what may be appropriate for the individual's hearing needs and lifestyle.It's important not to purchase hearing aids simply because someone else has had success with a particular model. Hearing needs vary from person to person, so professional guidance is valuable.Hearing Aids May HelpFor some people with hearing loss, hearing aids can make communication easier.Modern hearing aids come in a variety of styles and features. A hearing professional can help determine which options may be appropriate based on an individual's hearing loss, lifestyle, comfort, and personal preferences.It can take some time for a person to adjust to wearing hearing aids. Family members can support the process by being patient and encouraging their loved one as they become comfortable with their devices.How Family Members Can Improve CommunicationEven when an older adult is receiving treatment for hearing loss, family members can make conversations easier.Try these simple communication strategies:Get Their Attention FirstMake sure your loved one knows you are speaking to them before beginning a conversation.Face Them When You SpeakFacing the person can make communication easier and allows them to see your facial expressions and other visual cues.Reduce Background NoiseTurn off the television or move to a quieter area when having an important conversation.Speak ClearlySpeak at a natural pace and avoid shouting. Speaking louder does not always make speech easier to understand.Be PatientGive your loved one time to process what you've said and respond. If they don't understand, try rephrasing the statement rather than simply repeating the same words louder.Don't Ignore Sudden Hearing ChangesWhile gradual hearing loss is common, sudden changes in hearing should not be ignored.If an older adult experiences sudden hearing loss, particularly in one ear, they should seek prompt medical attention. Sudden hearing changes can have different causes and may require urgent evaluation.Other symptoms such as dizziness, severe ear pain, drainage, or sudden neurological symptoms should also be evaluated by a healthcare professional.Hearing Care Can Help Older Adults Stay ConnectedHearing is an important part of maintaining relationships and participating in everyday life. When an older adult has difficulty hearing, the effects can extend beyond conversations.Families can play an important role by recognizing potential signs of hearing loss, approaching the subject with compassion, and encouraging professional hearing care.If you suspect that a parent, grandparent, spouse, or another loved one is experiencing hearing loss, don't wait until communication becomes extremely difficult. A professional hearing evaluation can provide valuable information and help your loved one understand their options.Darrell M. Sipe Opticians & Hearing Aids provides hearing care services designed to help individuals better understand their hearing needs and explore appropriate solutions.Better hearing can mean more meaningful conversations, greater participation, and more opportunities to stay connected with the people who matter most.If you're concerned about a loved one's hearing, start the conversation today. A hearing evaluation can be an important first step toward better communication and a better quality of life.  

Our eyes allow us to enjoy many of life's most important momentsfrom seeing the faces of family and friends to reading a favorite book, driving, working, and enjoying the outdoors. As we age, however, changes in our vision become more common.Some changes are a natural part of getting older, while others may be related to eye diseases or other health conditions. The good news is that there are steps you can take to help protect your vision and support healthy eyes throughout your life.Here are some important ways to care for your eyes as you age.Schedule Regular Eye ExaminationsOne of the best things you can do for your vision is to have regular comprehensive eye examinations.An eye exam isn't only about determining whether you need a stronger prescription for your glasses. Your eye care professional can also evaluate the health of your eyes and look for signs of potential problems.Some eye conditions can develop without obvious symptoms in their early stages. Regular examinations can help identify changes early, when they may be easier to manage.Your recommended examination schedule may depend on your age, health, family history, medications, and individual eye-care needs.Don't Ignore Changes in Your VisionAs you get older, you may notice changes such as needing more light to read, having difficulty seeing at night, or experiencing increased sensitivity to glare.While some vision changes can be associated with normal aging, you should not ignore significant or unexpected changes.Contact an eye care professional if you experience: Persistent blurry vision Difficulty seeing at night New or increasing floaters Flashes of light Distorted vision Double vision Loss of peripheral vision A sudden change in your eyesight A sudden change in vision can require prompt medical attention, so don't wait to have it evaluated.Protect Your Eyes From the SunYour eyes are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation throughout your lifetime. Protecting them from excessive sunlight is an important part of maintaining healthy eyes.When outdoors, wear sunglasses that provide 100% UVA and UVB protection. A wide-brimmed hat can provide an additional layer of protection.If you wear prescription glasses, prescription sunglasses can provide both vision correction and protection from bright sunlight. Polarized lenses may also help reduce glare from surfaces such as roads, water, and snow.Eat for Your Eye HealthA healthy, balanced diet supports your overall health and can contribute to healthy eyes.Include a variety of fruits and vegetables in your diet, particularly colorful produce and leafy green vegetables. Fish, nuts, and other nutrient-rich foods can also be part of a balanced eating pattern.If you are considering vitamins or supplements specifically for eye health, talk with your healthcare provider or eye care professional before taking them.Manage Your Overall HealthYour overall health and your eye health are closely connected.Certain conditions, including diabetes and high blood pressure, can affect the eyes. Following your healthcare provider's recommendations for managing these conditions is an important part of protecting your vision.Take prescribed medications as directed, attend recommended medical appointments, and discuss any new vision symptoms with your healthcare providers.Protect Your Eyes From InjuryEye injuries can happen at any age. Wearing appropriate protective eyewear can help reduce the risk of injury when working with tools, chemicals, machinery, or other materials that could potentially harm your eyes.Protective eyewear may also be appropriate for certain sports and hobbies.Don't assume that an activity is safe simply because you have done it many times before. A moment of protection can help prevent a serious eye injury.Take Breaks From Digital ScreensComputers, smartphones, tablets, and other digital devices are part of everyday life for many older adults.Spending extended periods looking at screens can contribute to digital eye strain. Symptoms may include tired eyes, dryness, headaches, and temporary blurry vision.Try following the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something approximately 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.Adjusting your screen position, brightness, and lighting can also make digital devices more comfortable to use.Avoid SmokingSmoking can negatively affect your overall health and is also associated with an increased risk of several eye-related problems.If you smoke, quitting can be an important step toward improving your overall health and supporting your long-term eye health.If you are interested in quitting, speak with your healthcare provider about resources that can help.Get Enough SleepYour eyes need rest, just like the rest of your body.Not getting enough sleep may contribute to tired, dry, or irritated eyes. Establishing a consistent sleep routine and giving your eyes a break throughout the day can help promote greater comfort.If you regularly experience significant eye discomfort or dryness, talk with an eye care professional.Review Your Medications With Your Healthcare ProviderAs we age, many people take medications for a variety of health conditions. Some medications can affect the eyes or cause changes such as dryness or blurred vision.Don't stop taking a prescribed medication on your own. Instead, talk with your healthcare provider if you notice new vision-related symptoms or have concerns about your medications.Keep Your Prescription Up to DateYour vision prescription can change as you age. Even if your glasses are still in good physical condition, the prescription may no longer provide the clearest vision possible.Signs that your prescription may need to be updated can include: Squinting to see clearly Frequent headaches Blurry vision Eye strain Difficulty reading Trouble seeing at night Difficulty seeing clearly at a computer An eye examination can determine whether your prescription needs to be changed.Be Aware of Age-Related Eye ConditionsAs we get older, the risk of developing certain eye conditions increases. These may include cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and other conditions that can affect vision.Some of these conditions may not cause noticeable symptoms during their early stages. That's another reason regular eye examinations are so important.Your eye care professional can help you understand your individual risk factors and recommend appropriate care.Protecting Your Vision Is a Lifelong CommitmentYou can't prevent every change that may occur in your vision as you age, but you can take steps to support your eye health and identify potential problems early.Regular eye examinations, healthy lifestyle choices, UV protection, appropriate protective eyewear, and paying attention to changes in your vision are all important pieces of a long-term eye health plan.Don't wait until a vision problem begins interfering with your daily life before seeking help. If you've noticed changes in your eyesight or it's been a while since your last eye examination, consider making an appointment with your eye care professional.Darrell M. Sipe Opticians & Hearing Aids is committed to helping patients maintain clear, comfortable vision with professional eye care and quality optical services.Your eyes have been with you for a lifetime. Taking care of them today can help you continue to see the people, places, and experiences that matter most for years to come.  

Can Idaho Medicaid Help Pay for Long-Term Care at Home?When families hear the words Medicaid long-term care, many immediately think of nursing homes.That is understandable.Medicaid is a major source of payment for nursing facility care for people who meet financial and functional eligibility requirements.But nursing home coverage is not the only long-term care option available through Idaho Medicaid.For qualifying older adults and people with disabilities, Home and Community-Based Services, commonly called HCBS, may provide support in a person's home or community rather than requiring care in an institutional setting.Idaho's Department of Health and Welfare says the goal of its long-term care system is to provide the right level of care in the least restrictive setting possible and to help people remain in their homes and communities whenever appropriate.For families in Nampa and Canyon County, this can significantly change the Medicaid planning conversation.Instead of asking only:Can Medicaid help pay for a nursing home?families may also want to ask:Could Medicaid help support this person at home or in the community?Idaho Medicaid Planning, located at 360 Caldwell Boulevard, Suite 104 in Nampa, works with Idaho families navigating Medicaid qualification, long-term care planning, and the financial complexities involved in obtaining benefits. Its current website describes its focus as simplifying Medicaid and helping families develop a path toward qualification.What Are Home and Community-Based Services?Home and Community-Based Services are Medicaid-supported long-term care services provided outside a traditional institutional environment.Idaho explains that HCBS may be delivered:In a person's own homeIn the communityIn certain congregate residential settingsThe purpose is to allow qualifying people to receive the support they need while remaining as independent and connected to their communities as possible.Depending on the person's assessed needs and program eligibility, Idaho lists possible HCBS services including:Case managementHomemaker servicesHome health aide servicesPersonal careAdult day health servicesHabilitationRespite careNon-medical transportationEnvironmental accessibility adaptationsSpecialized medical equipmentPersonal Emergency Response SystemsHome-delivered mealsSkilled nursingBehavioral and crisis-management servicesSelf-directed community supportsNot every Medicaid participant receives every service.Services are based on individual need, eligibility, and the person's approved care plan.Planning Tip: If a parent wants to remain at home, do not assume Medicaid planning should begin with nursing home placement. Ask whether Home and Community-Based Services should also be evaluated.HCBS Still Requires Financial EligibilityReceiving care at home does not eliminate Medicaid's financial requirements.For 2026, Idaho currently publishes the following HCBS financial guidelines:Individual monthly income limit: $3,002Couple monthly income limit: $5,984Individual resource limit: $2,000Couple resource limit: $2,000 each, subject to additional applicable Medicaid rulesThese figures are important, but they do not tell the entire story.Eligibility may also be affected by:Marital statusCountable versus excluded resourcesTrustsAnnuitiesPrior transfersSpousal protectionsThe applicant's actual care needsFamilies should therefore avoid making an eligibility decision based on one income number alone.Functional Eligibility Matters TooOne of the most important things families should understand is that Medicaid long-term care eligibility is not purely financial.Idaho requires a Level of Care Determination for people seeking Home and Community-Based Services or nursing home coverage.The state explains that this assessment determines whether the person needs the type of care ordinarily associated with a nursing home or long-term care facility.That means an applicant generally has to satisfy two different categories of requirements.Financial EligibilityThe person must meet applicable Medicaid income and resource rules.Functional EligibilityThe person must demonstrate a qualifying level of care need.Someone could potentially satisfy the financial rules but not meet the required level of care.Another person might clearly need substantial assistance but still require financial planning before Medicaid qualification is possible.Both sides matter.What Happens During a Level of Care Determination?According to Idaho's current application guidance, a person seeking Home and Community-Based Services first applies for Medicaid.After financial eligibility is reviewed, Idaho may contact the applicant to arrange the Level of Care Determination.The assessment looks at whether the person requires the kind of support normally provided in an institutional long-term care setting.Families may need to provide additional information about:Daily functioningPhysical limitationsMedical needsAbility to complete everyday activitiesAmount of assistance requiredThe exact assessment depends on the program and the individual's circumstances.Families should be accurate.Do not minimize someone's needs because they are embarrassed to admit how much help is required.At the same time, do not exaggerate.The purpose is to establish the person's real level of care.The Medicaid Application Is a Two-Part ProcessIdaho's current guidance for elderly or disabled applicants describes the process in two primary steps:Step 1: Apply for MedicaidApplications may currently be submitted:Online through Idaho's idalink systemBy telephoneIn personBy mailBy emailBy faxApplicants should be prepared to provide information concerning identity, household income, resources, monthly expenses, and immigration status when applicable.Step 2: Complete the Level of Care DeterminationIf the applicant is financially eligible and needs long-term care services, Idaho evaluates whether the required level of care is met.These two steps help explain why Medicaid planning is not simply paperwork about money.Care needs matter too.Medicaid May Use a Higher Income Standard for Long-Term CareSome families assume a parent cannot qualify for Medicaid because their income exceeds the ordinary Medicaid threshold.That is not always the correct comparison.Idaho explains that when someone needs the level of care associated with a nursing facility or HCBS program, a different long-term care income standard may apply.For 2026, that individual HCBS income limit is currently $3,002 per month.This is one reason families should identify the specific Medicaid program before concluding that someone earns too much.Some Resources Do Not CountMedicaid resource limits can look intimidating.But not every asset is necessarily counted.Idaho currently lists countable resources such as:CashSavingsCertificates of depositStocksBondsMutual fundsCertain notes and contractsExtra vehiclesReal estate in some circumstancesThe state also identifies resources that may be excluded under applicable rules, including:A home when a spouse remains there or the applicant intends to returnOne vehicleHousehold goodsPersonal effectsCertain burial propertyLimited life-insurance valueThis distinction is crucial.Families should not begin selling or transferring assets until they understand whether those assets actually affect eligibility.Home Care Medicaid Planning Still Involves the Five-Year Look-BackChoosing community-based care does not necessarily avoid Medicaid's asset-transfer rules.Idaho's long-term care Medicaid system may review certain transfers made during the applicable look-back period when someone seeks qualifying HCBS or institutional care.That means gifts, below-market transfers, and other financial transactions can still affect eligibility.Families considering Medicaid-supported care at home should therefore follow the same cautious approach:Do not transfer property casuallyDo not give away large sums without understanding the consequencesKeep financial recordsReview prior transfersUnderstand which assets are countableHCBS is a different care setting, not a shortcut around Medicaid eligibility rules.HCBS May Include Respite CareFor family caregivers, one important HCBS service is respite care.Idaho lists respite among the services that may be approved based on individual needs.Respite can provide temporary relief to a family member who normally provides care.This may be particularly valuable when:A spouse is providing most daily assistanceAn adult child balances caregiving with employmentThe caregiver needs appointments of their ownThe household needs a more sustainable long-term routineAvailability, amount of service, and provider options depend on the individual's approved Medicaid plan.Personal Care and Homemaker Services May Also Be AvailableIdaho's HCBS program currently lists personal care and homemaker services among potential benefits.Depending on the person's approved needs, these services may support activities that help someone continue living in the community.This can be significant for older adults whose primary challenge is not constant skilled nursing but difficulty managing daily life safely without assistance.Families should ask exactly which services the individual may qualify for rather than assuming Medicaid-funded long-term care means one specific form of care.Home-Delivered Meals and Transportation Can Matter TooCommunity living depends on more than hands-on personal care.A person may need help accessing food, appointments, or other resources.Idaho currently includes home-delivered meals and non-medical transportation among possible services under its broader elderly and disability-related HCBS system.These supports can make a substantial difference for someone trying to remain outside an institution.A senior may still be capable of living at home if reliable assistance is available.Without that assistance, the same person may struggle.Home Modifications May Support Community LivingEnvironmental barriers can make staying home difficult.A wheelchair user may need better access.A bathroom may require modification.Other equipment may be necessary.Idaho lists environmental accessibility adaptations and certain specialized medical equipment among services that may be available through applicable Medicaid programs.Again, approval depends on eligibility and assessed need.Families should not purchase expensive modifications assuming Medicaid will reimburse them afterward.Ask first.Idaho Home Choice Can Help Some People Leave Institutional CareIdaho also operates Idaho Home Choice, a program designed to help certain Medicaid members move from institutional settings back into home or community-based living.Current eligibility criteria include:Having lived at least 45 consecutive days in a qualifying nursing or intermediate care facilityIdaho residencyMedicaid eligibility at dischargeQualification for an applicable waiverMoving into a qualifying residenceThe program currently offers transition assistance that may include a transition manager, waiver benefits, home modifications, and up to $2,000 for certain household goods, moving costs, or utility and security deposits.This can be valuable for families who assumed nursing facility placement had to be permanent.Not everyone will qualify.But families should know the option exists.HCBS Does Not Guarantee That Home Is Always the Right SettingHome-based care can be appealing.But it is not appropriate for every situation.Some people require:Continuous clinical oversightIntensive nursing careExtensive assistance that cannot safely be provided at homeA secured environmentSpecialized equipment or staffing unavailable in the residenceIdaho's own long-term care framework acknowledges that nursing facility services remain necessary when a higher level of care is required.The goal should not be to keep someone home at all costs.It should be to identify the least restrictive setting that can safely meet the person's actual needs.Care Needs Can ChangeSomeone may qualify for HCBS today and require nursing facility care later.Another person may temporarily enter a nursing facility and eventually transition back into the community.Long-term care planning should therefore be flexible.Families may need to revisit:Care needsFinancial eligibilityService availabilityHousingFamily caregiver capacitySafetyMedicaid eligibility is also subject to re-evaluation.Idaho currently states that Medicaid recipients go through an annual re-evaluation process and receive instructions when renewal is required.Estate Recovery Still Matters With Home-Based Medicaid ServicesReceiving Medicaid services at home does not necessarily eliminate estate recovery concerns.Idaho explains that its Medicaid estate recovery program can apply to certain services received by people age 55 and older, including nursing home and community-based in-home care services.The state also identifies important protections.Recovery cannot be pursued during the lifetime of a surviving spouse, and federal protections apply in certain circumstances involving surviving children.Families should therefore discuss estate recovery as part of planning even when the person's goal is to remain at home.Eligibility today and estate recovery later are separate questions.Why HCBS Matters for Nampa and Canyon County FamiliesNampa continues to grow, along with the broader Canyon County senior population.As more older adults age throughout the Treasure Valley, families will increasingly face choices involving:Home careFamily caregivingAssisted livingNursing homesMedicaid eligibilityCommunity servicesHCBS gives qualifying families another option to explore.It may allow some older adults to receive substantial support without immediately moving into an institution.That can be especially important when the individual's preference is to remain close to family, familiar routines, and the community.Idaho Medicaid Planning in NampaIdaho Medicaid Planning360 Caldwell Boulevard, Suite 104Nampa, Idaho 83651Phone: 986-236-4300Its current official website says the organization helps families navigate Medicaid complexity, qualification, paperwork, and financial planning needs.The Seniors Blue Book profile for Idaho Medicaid Planning lists service in Canyon, Ada, Elmore, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, Twin Falls, Valley, and Washington counties.A recent Seniors Blue Book Nampa Medicaid planning guide also identifies Idaho Medicaid Planning as a local resource for both families planning ahead and those already facing a long-term care crisis.Families should confirm current consultation fees, services, and whether legal, tax, estate planning, or other licensed professionals should also be involved.What to Gather Before Applying for HCBS MedicaidFamilies can make the process easier by preparing early.Useful information may include:Proof of identitySocial Security incomePension incomeBank statementsInvestment accountsProperty informationInsurance policiesHousehold expensesTrust or annuity recordsPrior financial transfersCurrent diagnosesFunctional limitationsExisting care servicesIdaho specifically identifies household income, resources, monthly expenses, and identity information among the materials applicants should be prepared to provide.Frequently Asked Questions About Idaho Medicaid HCBSCan Idaho Medicaid pay for care at home?Potentially. Idaho offers Home and Community-Based Services that may provide qualifying people with personal care, homemaker services, respite, case management, adult day health, and other community supports.What are the 2026 Idaho HCBS financial limits?Idaho currently publishes a $3,002 monthly individual income limit and $2,000 individual resource limit for HCBS in 2026, subject to all additional Medicaid eligibility rules.Does someone have to need nursing home-level care to qualify?Idaho requires a Level of Care Determination for HCBS applicants. The assessment evaluates whether the person needs the type of care associated with an institutional long-term care setting.Can Medicaid help someone move out of a nursing home?For certain qualifying members, Idaho Home Choice can help transition someone from an institutional setting into a home or community residence.Does receiving Medicaid care at home affect estate recovery?Potentially. Idaho states that estate recovery can apply to certain Medicaid-funded community-based in-home care services for qualifying recipients.Long-Term Care Planning Should Include More Than One SettingFamilies sometimes feel that long-term care decisions offer only two choices:Pay privately at home.Or move into a nursing facility.Idaho Medicaid's Home and Community-Based Services show that the picture can be more flexible.For qualifying individuals, support may be available through personal care, homemaker assistance, respite, transportation, adult day services, home-delivered meals, accessibility modifications, case management, and other community-based services.The challenge is understanding how financial eligibility, functional eligibility, Medicaid rules, and the person's actual care needs fit together.For families in Nampa and Canyon County, Idaho Medicaid Planning on SeniorsBlueBook.com provides a local resource focused on navigating that process and helping families understand potential paths toward qualification.The right question is not always:Which nursing home can Medicaid pay for?Sometimes it is:What level of care does this person need, and is there a safe Medicaid-supported way to provide it in the community?Understanding that distinction can give families more options and more time to make thoughtful long-term care decisions.This article provides general educational information and is not legal, tax, financial, or Medicaid eligibility advice. Program rules, limits, service availability, and individual eligibility can change. Families should verify current information with the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare and consult appropriate qualified professionals for individualized guidance.