Types of Alzheimer's Disease
Different researchers classify Alzheimer's Disease using vastly different stages. Alzheimer's Disease has a genetic component that becomes active in some people and dormant in others. Alzheimer’s creates an environment that promotes brain changes in those affected. Lastly, amyloid plaque is the brain’s protective response to vastly different lifestyle insults.
Alzheimer’s Disease is an imbalance of multiple systems within the body.
People with Alzheimer’s disease usually have
more than one type and present multiple risk factors.
One of the things I like most about breaking
Alzheimer’s into types is once you know where you stand, it is easy to begin to
resolve. Dr. Bredesen’s books provide many examples from his
patients.
Also, please keep in mind that in the descriptions below, I am cutting and pasting most of the information. I do not want to risk misinterpreting any of Dr. Bredesen’s research and misinforming you.
Type 1
Type 1’s primary characteristic is inflammation. It tends to run in families as it is common in people who carry one or two ApoE4 alleles (ApoE in itself is considered an inflammatory gene). Individuals begin to lose the ability to store new information in the hippocampus – for individuals who carry two copies of ApoE4 this tends to start in the late fifties or early sixties. For those with no copies of ApoE4, symptoms present typically in the sixties or seventies. A reduced hippocampal volume – chronic inflammation encourages the brain to destroy synapses faster than it creates them.
Biochemical Markers of Type 1
Type 2
Type 2’s primary characteristic is low levels
of nutrients, hormone factors, and/or trophic factors. Type 2 also occurs
more frequently in those who carry one or two copies of the ApoE4 allele, but
the symptoms tend to initiate about a decade later than the inflammatory Type
1. Individuals begin to lose the ability to form new memories in the
hippocampus. However, there is little to no evidence of inflammation –
sometimes inflammatory markers may be lower than normal.
Biochemical Markers of Type 2
Levels of hormones such as thyroid, adrenal,
estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and pregnenolone tend to be suboptimal.
The optimal hormone ranges are:
A decrease in serum Vitamin D levels. Normal
Vitamin D levels should be 50-80 ng/mL.
An increase in homocysteine levels can occur.
Normal homocysteine levels should be less than or equal to 7 μmol/ L
(homocysteine is also seen to increase in Type 1)
Insulin resistance can occur OR insulin levels
may be too low.
Type 1.5
Type 1.5’s primary characteristic is insulin
resistance (diabetes). Type 1 and Type 2 Alzheimer’s Disease can occur together
– often seen with neural inflammation in addition to the reduced support for
brain synapses. A commonly seen combination of type 1 and type 2 AD is known as
Type 1.5 or glycotoxic Alzheimer’s Disease.
Biochemical Markers of Type 1.5
Although characteristics are similar to those
found in Type 1 and Type 2 AD, blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c are
chronically high in Type 1.5 which results in inflammation.
High levels of insulin that are secreted in
response to this high blood glucose level lead to insulin resistance. This
results in a loss of trophic support. Trophic support
refers to a variety of chemical signals that neurons need to continue living.
Brain cells die and the brain shrinks when you experience a loss of trophic
support.
Neurons are energetically expensive cells. They
use a lot of oxygen and require a large expenditure of energy in the form of
ATP to do their normal functions. As part of homeostatic adjustment, the body
prefers to minimize extra energy usage. However, since neurons are critically
important for healthy functioning, they receive signals in the form of
chemicals that tell them to continue working. These chemicals are called
trophic factors.
Many of these trophic factors are synthesized
and released by glial cells of the nervous system, the non-neuronal cells that
interact closely with the neurons. Glial cells, particularly the astrocytes and
Schwann cells, are well-known producers of trophic support molecules.
One of the best-characterized trophic support
molecules is called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF.
BDNF is a large protein. BDNF is normally synthesized and produced by cells of
the nervous system and is important for making changes in neurons or for the
growth of nerve cells. BDNF signals through the activity of several different
receptors, the most well-known being the TrkB receptor.
Other neurotrophic factors used by the nervous
system that are important as trophic support molecules include nerve growth
factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3, glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and
ephrins. Trophic factors, such as NGF and BDNF, control the development and
survival of specific groups of neurons.
Type 1, Type 1.5 & Type 2 Alzheimer’s Disease lead to the imbalance between the production and destruction of neural synapses.
Type 3
Type 3’s primary characteristic is exposure to
toxins such as mercury, toluene, benzene (candles), or mycotoxins (mold). Type
3 tends to occur in those who have the ApoE3 allele rather than ApoE4 and does
not typically run in families.
Type 3 hits individuals at younger ages,
typically late forties to early sixties. Symptoms do not begin with memory loss
but rather with cognitive difficulties involving numbers, speech, or
organization. Individuals will start seeing difficulties with:
The brain ultimately loses recent and old
memories.
Patients with Type 3 are often diagnosed
initially with something other than Alzheimer’s Disease such as depression or
frontotemporal dementia.
Biochemical Markers of Type 3
Type 4
Type 4’s primary characteristic is low blood
flow to the brain. Type 4 or Vascular Alzheimer’s Disease, is caused by a
reduction of blood flow to the brain, which ultimately deprives the brain of
essential oxygen and nutrients. The brain is an extremely vascularized tissue,
meaning it requires large amounts of oxygen. A lack of oxygen to the brain
leads to hypoperfusion (low blood flow) and compromises the blood-brain barrier
which allows for harmful substances to leak in and damage neurons. Cerebral vasculature
is extremely important as it is one way the body clears the accumulation of
amyloid-beta.
Biochemical Markers of Type 4
“Leakiness” present in vascular tissues.
Individuals with cardiovascular disease have a
high risk for Type 4 Alzheimer’s.
These individuals do best when they prioritize
healing underlying insulin resistance.
Type 5
Type 5’s primary characteristic is brain
damage. Type 5 or trauma-induced Alzheimer’s, results from traumatic brain
injuries (TBI) which disrupt normal brain function, including learning and
thinking skills. Certain types of TBI’s may increase the risk of developing
Alzheimer’s disease years after the injury takes place.
One of the most impactful studies showed that
those with a history of moderate TBI had a 2.3 times greater risk of developing
Alzheimer’s than older adults with no history of a head injury and those with a
history of severe TBI had a 4.5 times greater risk.
Biochemical Markers of Type 5
There are no biochemical markers for Type 5 as it is triggered by injuries to the brain such as:
Now that we have broken down Alzheimer’s Disease into 6 different types and identified their characteristics and potential causes we can begin to address what you need to do to prevent and begin to heal the damaging insults to the brain. We will begin to work on that next week.
OR if you want to jump ahead, purchase Dr. Dale
Bredesen’s books. Here are the links to purchase them on Amazon.
The End of Alzheimer’s 2
Books Collection Set By Dale Bredesen Paperback – October 26, 2023
LINK: https://amzn.to/462LcY3
The End of Alzheimer's Program: The First Protocol to Enhance Cognition and Reverse Decline at Any Age Paperback – September 6, 2022
LINK: https://amzn.to/3xNcrct
Caregiving can be a rewarding experience, and an opportunity to give back some of the care and compassion received earlier in life. As we watch family members age, it can bring big emotions and challenges. It's hard to see an aging parent loved ones growing older and in need of help. Especially when it comes to having the initial conversation about options like in-home care. Having that first conversation about a loved one and their needs can be challenging, but it should be done sooner rather than later. As a person ages, their ability to make decisions may diminish. For a decision as important as this one, everyone in the family should feel heard. Steps for a Successful Family Care Conversation Step 1: Plan the ConversationAs the saying goes, seeing is believing. Phone calls don't always convey the complete picture of the situation. How can your family make this easier? Try to pick a date and time when you can get the whole family together and in person for this vital conversation. If its impossible to get your family together in person, a video call can be a great alternative. Try not to wait for an accident or medical emergency before addressing the future after all, it is always harder to think clearly and make decisions in moments of crisis. There are many different options for in-home care, and information can help find a solution that is the best fit. Start your research to see what you think is best for you and your family. Step 2: Share concerns from a place of love Although this can be intimidating, staying calm and taking breaks is important. The initial conversation is to understand each other and begin to set goals together as a family. Have the necessary paperwork or documents to help everyone in the family. Share any stories or anecdotes from the older family members doctors or friends will be helpful as well. It's easier for everyone to understand the situation when medical records illustrate important care concerns. If the older member of the family expresses interest in staying in their home as they age, then in-home care may be the right choice for them. Seniors who use home care services report 25% fewer doctor's visits than those who do not. [AM1] Step 3: Talk it out Make sure you give everyone time to speak; everyone might not always agree during this process but respecting each other and staying level-headed is key. Ultimately a good rule of thumb is to ask a lot of questions. Ask siblings and family members for their thoughts and what they think about getting an aging parent in-home assistance, and ask the loved one their desires for this next step in life. What to do after the first conversation? Give it some time, and make sure everyone has collected their thoughts from the initial discussion. Every family is different. Don't feel discouraged if a few conversations are needed before everyone is comfortable moving to the next step. It can take some time for siblings and family members to come around; just remember to be patient and make sure everyone has a clear understanding of their role and responsibility in this decision. Here's a resource to help define the roles when moving forward. Comfort Keepers Can Help Comfort Keepers caregivers can help with encouragement, support, and assistance with daily living. Caregivers can encourage overall health through meal planning, grocery shopping, meal preparation, and activities. Our custom care plans focus on physical and mental health and wellness activities. Our goal is to see that clients have the means to find joy and happiness each day, regardless of age or understanding.
As seniors and their families begin planning for the next stage of life, finding the right living situation can feel overwhelming. That's where senior placement services come in providing expert guidance to help families choose the most suitable housing options based on individual needs, preferences, and care requirements.For residents in Manatee, Sarasota, and Charlotte Counties, understanding the options available and how senior placement can make a difference is key to making informed decisions. Here's what you need to know about senior placement and how it can ease the transition for seniors and their loved ones. What Is Senior Placement?Senior placement is a service designed to help seniors and their families navigate the process of selecting the best housing or care option. Placement advisors assess the seniors medical needs, lifestyle preferences, and financial situation to recommend appropriate living arrangements, which could include:Independent living communitiesAssisted living facilitiesMemory care communitiesSkilled nursing centersResidential care homesBy working with a knowledgeable placement advisor, families save time and gain peace of mind knowing that they are making choices that best fit their loved ones unique needs. Why Senior Placement Matters in Manatee, Sarasota, and Charlotte CountiesThe senior population in Southwest Florida continues to grow, and with that growth comes an increasing number of senior living options. While having choices is beneficial, it can also be overwhelming to sift through different communities, services, and levels of care.Senior placement services offer valuable local expertise, helping families:Understand available options: Advisors are familiar with the many senior living communities in Manatee, Sarasota, and Charlotte Counties.Evaluate needs objectively: A professional assessment ensures the senior's medical, social, and emotional needs are properly addressed.Save time and stress: Rather than visiting countless facilities, families are guided to options that match their specific criteria.Navigate financial considerations: Placement services can help families understand costs, payment options, and potential benefits such as veterans aid or long-term care insurance. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Senior Placement ServicesWhen selecting a senior placement advisor in Manatee, Sarasota, or Charlotte County, its important to consider:Local knowledge: Look for advisors who are well-versed in the local communities and housing options.Neutrality: Choose services that provide unbiased advice based solely on the seniors needs.Experience and credentials: Ask about the advisor's background and familiarity with different levels of care.Personalized attention: The best placement services take the time to truly understand the senior's personality, lifestyle, and health requirements.For additional resources and to explore more about senior placement options in Southwest Florida, visit our trusted directory: Explore Senior Resources in Manatee, Sarasota, and CharlotteCounties How Senior Placement Advisors Help FamiliesSenior placement advisors act as compassionate guides, offering personalized support throughout the decision-making process. Their services often include:Conducting in-depth assessments of the seniors needsRecommending appropriate care and housing optionsCoordinating facility tours and interviewsProviding guidance on financial planning and available aid programsOffering continued support after the move to ensure a smooth transitionBy working with a placement advisor, families can feel confident that their loved ones new living situation will promote safety, happiness, and well-being. Finding Senior Placement Support in Manatee, Sarasota, and Charlotte CountiesFamilies searching for senior placement services in Southwest Florida are fortunate to have many resources available. Whether the need is immediate or you're planning for the future, it's important to start the process early to allow plenty of time to find the perfect fit.To begin your search and access a list of senior placement resources, visit: Browse Senior Placement Services Here Making Senior Living Decisions EasierChoosing the right senior living community is a major decision, but with the help of knowledgeable senior placement services in Manatee, Sarasota, and Charlotte Counties, families can make these decisions confidently and thoughtfully. By working with local experts who understand the needs of the senior community and the available resources, families can ensure their loved ones find a living situation that feels safe, supportive, and enriching.
Finding the right senior care solution can be overwhelmingespecially when navigating the many options available across a large metro area like Dallas, Texas. Senior placement services are designed to simplify this process by helping families connect with appropriate housing and care options for their aging loved ones. Whether you're exploring independent living, assisted living, memory care, or long-term care, senior placement professionals in Dallas can be invaluable guides.In this blog, well break down what senior placement is, how it works in Dallas, and what families should know to make informed, confident decisions. What Is Senior Placement?Senior placement refers to the process of helping older adults and their families find the most suitable living arrangements based on their care needs, lifestyle preferences, and budget. Placement specialists typically offer guidance on:Independent living communitiesAssisted living facilitiesMemory care unitsSkilled nursing facilitiesResidential care homesThese professionals assess each individuals situation and recommend appropriate care environments. Many also assist with touring communities, understanding costs, and transitioning to a new living space. Why Senior Placement Services Matter in DallasDallas is one of the fastest-growing cities in the U.S., with a rapidly aging population. As the senior demographic grows, so do the options for senior housing. While this means families have more choices, it also makes the decision-making process more complex.Senior placement services help cut through the confusion by:Saving time: Instead of contacting dozens of facilities, a placement specialist can narrow down the best matches.Ensuring proper care: Specialists consider medical conditions, mobility limitations, and personal preferences to ensure a good fit.Providing local insight: Dallas-based specialists are familiar with the unique features, amenities, and reputations of local communities. Key Considerations for Senior Placement in DallasIf you're starting the process of exploring senior placement in Dallas, here are a few important factors to keep in mind:1. Level of Care NeededStart by determining what kind of daily care your loved one requires. Are they mostly independent, or do they need help with daily tasks like bathing, dressing, or medication management? A good placement starts with a thorough needs assessment.2. Location PreferencesDallas is large, with neighborhoods ranging from quiet suburban areas like Plano and Richardson to more urban options near Uptown or Downtown. Proximity to family, medical providers, and amenities can make a significant difference in overall satisfaction.3. BudgetSenior care costs can vary widely in Dallas. Some families qualify for Medicaid or Veterans Aid and Attendance benefits, which may offset costs. A senior placement specialist can help you understand available financial options and find communities within your budget.4. Lifestyle and Social NeedsBeyond medical care, its important to consider your loved ones lifestyle. Do they prefer a quiet community or a place with active social programming? Cultural, religious, or language preferences may also influence the decision. Finding Senior Placement Support in DallasWhile some families choose to navigate the senior housing landscape on their own, many benefit from working with professionals who specialize in senior placement. These experts often have deep knowledge of Dallas communities and can match your loved one with an environment that meets their care and comfort needs.To explore local support services for senior placement, visit:Senior Resources in Dallas, TexasDallas Senior Placement Services Final ThoughtsChoosing a senior living arrangement is one of the most important decisions a family can make. With a wide variety of options in Dallas and the surrounding areas, its easy to feel overwhelmed. Senior placement services provide invaluable supportensuring that seniors find not just a place to live, but a community where they can thrive. If you're beginning your search for the right senior housing or care solution in Dallas, consider using senior placement resources to guide your journey. With the right support, your family can make informed, confident decisions about your loved ones future.