6 Types of Elder Abuse & How to Report It

Author

Talkspace

For more information about the author, click to view their website: Talkspace

Posted on

May 12, 2025

Book/Edition

Florida - Southwest

share-this
Share This

Elder abuse is a pervasive issue that affects millions of adults worldwide. According to research from the US Department of Justice (DOJ), at least 10% of adults over 65 will experience one or more acts of abuse every year. The National Council on Aging states that seniors who have been abused have an increased risk of death—that’s 300% higher than it is for those who haven’t experienced elder mistreatment. 

Elder abuse can happen in several forms—awareness of each type is key in safeguarding older adults from harm. By familiarizing yourself with the warning signs of all the types of elder abuse, you’ll be better equipped to spot situations where intervention may be necessary. 

Keep reading to learn more, including how to report elderly abuse if you suspect or know it’s happening to someone you love.  

6 Types of Elder Abuse to Be Aware of

Contrary to what many people think, elder abuse isn’t always physical. Abuse can involve any intentional actions or neglect that causes harm. Knowing the different types of elder abuse and mistreatment will help you more easily identify when someone is being victimized.

“It’s crucial to be aware of the variety of types of abuse that can occur toward elders, as these abuses can result in serious harm physically, emotionally, and/or financially.”

– Talkspace therapist Jill Daino, LCSW-R, BC-TMH

1. Physical abuse

Physical abuse is the most well-known, often most obvious, form of abuse. It can involve hitting, slapping, pushing, or any other act of violence that causes pain or injury. Whether it occurs at home, in a nursing home, assisted living facility, or in any other setting, a bruise, fracture, or other bodily injury on an elderly person can be a sign of physical abuse. Spotting physical abuse quickly in older adults is critical in protecting them from further harm.

2. Emotional or psychological abuse

Verbal abuse, assaults, threats, humiliation, isolation, or manipulation that cause emotional distress are all ways someone can be emotionally or psychologically abused. While there may not be marks left or physical harm done, emotional abuse can be just as damaging as any other type of elder abuse.  

3. Sexual abuse

Sexual abuse involves any non-consensual sexual contact. Elders being sexually abused might not understand the act due to cognitive impairment. They may be unable to stop it due to being weaker than their attacker, or they may be afraid to talk about it.

4. Neglect

Caregivers who fail to provide adequate care, food, shelter, or medical attention can harm seniors. Neglect can lead to physical and emotional harm and may manifest through poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, lack of medical care, or social isolation. Ignoring the signs of elder neglect can result in serious harm or even death.

5. Abandonment

Elder abuse in the form of abandonment occurs when someone who’s assumed responsibility for the care of an aging person deserts them, which can cause abandonment trauma in the victim.

6. Financial or material exploitation

Using, misusing, or withholding an older adult’s funds, property, resources, or assets for personal gain can constitute financial abuse. Elderly financial abuse is rising, so becoming aware of red flags is paramount.

Recognizing the Signs of Elder Abuse

If you have an older person in your life, you should be able to recognize the signs of elder abuse. 

“Noticing the signs of elder abuse and speaking up to protect a senior is vital, especially since many elders may be unable or too afraid to speak up for themselves. Your intervention can make all the difference in their safety and well-being.”

– Talkspace therapist Jill Daino, LCSW-R, BC-TMH

Warning signs of physical and sexual abuse

There are several warning signs of physical or sexual elder abuse to be aware of. Knowing the following signs can help you quickly determine if anything might be happening to a senior in your life.

Warning signs of physical abuse:

  • Unexplained wounds, bruises, cuts, burns, or injuries in various phases of healing  
  • Frequent visits to the emergency room or doctor’s office for injuries
  • Signs of restraint on wrists or ankles, such as bruises or abrasions
  • Sudden changes in behavior, like increased anxiety or fearfulness 

Warning signs of sexual abuse:

  • Torn or stained clothing, particularly undergarments
  • Genital pain, bleeding, bruising, or sexually transmitted infections

Indicators of emotional abuse

Emotional abuse of an elder can be more challenging to see, so recognizing the following indicators is essential.  

  • Behavioral changes: Changes in behavior patterns, like withdrawal from social activities, increased anxiety, and depression are some of the behavioral changes that may indicate emotional abuse.
  • Demeaning language: Harmful language including insults, name-calling, and belittling comments toward elders are signs of emotional abuse.
  • Isolation by exclusion: Cutting off social ties can be a way for an abuser to retain power over a target.

Signs of neglect and abandonment

It’s crucial you don’t ignore signs of elder neglect and abandonment, which can cause serious harm to older adults.

Physical indicators:

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Poor hygiene, dirty clothing, or bedsores
  • Lack of medical aids like glasses, hearing aids, or medications
  • Unsafe living conditions, including lack of heat, running water, or an unsanitary environment

Behavioral signs:

  • Social isolation or withdrawal from activities that were once enjoyed
  • Frequent arguments with caregivers or family members
  • Depression, anxiety, or fearfulness
  • Frequent changes in caregivers or nursing homes
  • Lack of supervision or assistance in long-term care facilities

Flags for financial exploitation

Financial exploitation often flies under the radar, but it can be devastating for an older person who lives on a limited or fixed income and is being taken advantage of. 

Signs of elder financial abuse include:

  • Unusual bank account activity: Frequent large withdrawals or transfers at odd times.
  • New loans or credit cards: Sudden appearance of new loans, lines of credit, or maxed-out credit cards.
  • Mismanagement of finances: Unpaid bills, bounced checks, and poor financial management.
  • Sudden changes in estate planning documents: Unexpected alterations to wills, trusts, and powers-of-attorney (POA) agreements.
  • Giving away valuable possessions: Suddenly giving away personal, high-value, or sentimental belongings without explanation can be a red flag.

Symptoms of self-neglect

Self-neglect can be a bit more difficult to identify because it often occurs when a senior is transitioning from a time when they’re still able to care for themselves appropriately to when they start to need additional support and help. 

Look for the following symptoms of self-neglect:

  • Not bathing regularly: Watch for poor personal hygiene, unkempt appearance, and body odor.
  • Running out of food: Be aware of nutritional concerns like weight loss or gain without explanation or expired or spoiled food in the home.
  • Ignoring their health needs: Medical neglect, like ignoring medical advice, not taking prescribed medications, or having untreated injuries and illnesses, can be dangerous.
  • Living environment is unsafe: Inadequate living conditions, like unsafe housing, hoarding behavior, and infestations by pests can be harmful.

How to Report Elder Abuse

If you suspect elder abuse, take action and report your concerns to protect the victim and ensure they receive the support and intervention they need. 

Reporting elder abuse can:

  • Protect the victim: Reporting suspected abuse can keep an older person safe.
  • Prevent future abuse: When elder abuse is properly reported, it means others won’t experience the same mistreatment.
  • Promote justice: Reporting helps hold abusers accountable for their actions.
  • Raise awareness: Speaking out about elder abuse can raise public awareness and encourage others to be more aware and act.

Mandatory reporting laws may apply in certain situations, requiring professionals to report suspected elder abuse.

When and why you should report elder abuse

Depending on who the abuser is, acting quickly to report elder abuse could save the life and well-being of not just your loved one — it might save countless others.  

Steps to report elder abuse

If you suspect any of the types of elder abuse discussed here, take the following steps: 

  1. Contact local authorities: Call 911 if someone is in immediate danger or contact The National Adult Protective Services Association or law enforcement for non-emergencies.
  2. Gather information: Collect details about the victim, alleged abuser(s), type of abuse, signs of elder mistreatment observed, and any relevant documentation.
  3. Provide a detailed report: Give a clear and detailed account of your concerns, including all the information or evidence gathered in the previous step.
  4. Maintain confidentiality: Keep your identity confidential to protect yourself and the victim from potential retaliation by the abuser(s).
  5. Follow up on your report: Make sure to inquire about updates on the investigation process to ensure appropriate actions are being taken.

Professional Support for Elder Abuse Victims with Talkspace

Remember, reporting elder abuse isn’t just a moral obligation — it can be a legal one too. Don’t hesitate to take action. 

If someone in your life is a victim of elder abuse, Talkspace is here to provide mental health support. Help your loved one get the help they need for any resulting trauma with online therapy at Talkspace.

Sources:

  1. Elder Abuse Statistics. United States Department of Justice. Accessed June 1, 2023. https://www.justice.gov/file/1098056/download
  2. Get the Facts on Elder Abuse. The National Council on Aging. February 23, 2021. Accessed June 1, 2023. https://ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse
  3. We support adult protective services. NAPSA. Accessed June 1, 2023. https://www.napsa-now.org/

Talkspace articles are written by experienced mental health-wellness contributors; they are grounded in scientific research and evidence-based practices. Articles are extensively reviewed by our team of clinical experts (therapists and psychiatrists of various specialties) to ensure content is accurate and on par with current industry standards.

Other Articles You May Like

Keeping Seniors Safe: 7 Essential Home Modifications to Prevent Falls

In Delta, Montrose, and the surrounding Colorado area, many older adults are choosing to age in placeright in the comfort of their own homes. But with that decision comes an important responsibility: making sure their homes are as safe as possible. Falls are one of the leading causes of injury among seniors, and even a minor fall can have lasting consequences.1 in 4 adults age 65 and older falls each year in the United States.At Comfort Keepers of Delta and Montrose, CO, were committed to helping families create safe, supportive environments for their aging loved ones. In fact, we are a leading provider of in-home senior care services within the community and have helped many seniors navigate aging-in-place. Whether you're caring for a parent, spouse, or other senior loved one, these seven simple tips can go a long way toward preventing falls and giving everyone peace of mind. Clear the Clutter and Remove Tripping HazardsSometimes the biggest risks are the simplest to fix. Everyday items like area rugs, cords, or even a pet toy in the hallway can cause a serious fall. These hazards often go unnoticed because they're part of the daily routinebut for seniors, one misstep can lead to injury. Taking time to clear these obstacles can make a huge difference in their ability to safely age-in-place. Things to look for:     Loose rugs that could slip or bunch up      Electrical cords stretched across walkways      Narrow or cluttered hallways and furniture arrangements      Pet bowls or small items left on the floor      Frequently used items stored out of reach, leading to dangerous reaching or climbing      Slippery socks or shoes without proper tread Doing a room-by-room walk-through can be a great first step toward fall prevention. Make the Bathroom Safer for SeniorsBathrooms are one of the most common places for senior falls, especially with water and smooth surfaces involved. A few smart additions can make a big difference. Installing grab bars, using non-slip mats, and adding a shower chair can greatly improve safety and reduce the risk of slipping. Since so many daily routines happen in the bathroom, making it safer is one of the most impactful steps you can take.A few bathroom changes that can make the bathroom safer for seniors, include:     Grab bars near the toilet and in the shower or tub      A shower chair or bench for stability during bathing      Handheld showerheads for easier, safer bathing      Non-slip mats or adhesive strips on floors and in tubs 3. Rearrange Furniture for Safer MovementThe way a home is set up matters. If furniture blocks the flow of movement or is unstable, it increases the chance of a fall.Suggestions for a safer layout:     Keep walkways open and free of clutter      Choose chairs with arms and firm cushions for easier sitting and standing      Avoid furniture with sharp corners or glass surfaces      Adjust bed height to ensure it's easy to get in and out of Improve Lighting Throughout the HouseAs we age, it becomes harder to see clearly in dim or uneven lighting. Making sure the home is well-lit, especially in the evening, can help prevent missteps. Hallways, stairs, and bathrooms should be equipped with bright, accessible lighting to guide the way. Simple upgrades like night lights or motion-sensor bulbs can go a long way in helping seniors feel more confident moving aroundespecially when they wake up during the night. Tips for better visibility:     Swap out dim bulbs for brighter, more energy-efficient ones      Install night lights in bedrooms, bathrooms, and hallways      Add motion-sensor lights for nighttime trips to the bathroom      Make sure light switches are easy to access, particularly near entryways and bedsides At Comfort Keepers in Delta, CO, our professional in-home caregivers can help change light bulbs and do other light housekeeping tasks around a senior's home. Use Non-Slip Flooring SolutionsSome types of flooring, especially tile, hardwood, or linoleum, can be slippery underfoot. Tackling flooring issues can help seniors feel more confident as they move around. Adding non-slip mats, securing loose rugs, or applying anti-slip coatings are simple changes that make a big impact. Even small upgrades can reduce the chance of slips and create a steadier, safer surface for daily movement.Simple fixes include:     Applying non-slip coatings to hard surfaces      Using non-slip mats in places like the kitchen and bathroom      Removing or securing throw rugs to prevent bunching or curling edges      Avoiding thick or uneven rugs that could catch a foot or mobility aid Make Stairways Safer for Senior Navigating the HomeIf the home has stairs, its important to give them extra attention. One missed step can quickly lead to injury. Adding sturdy handrails on both sides, improving lighting, and using non-slip treads can make stairs much safer. For those with limited mobility, it may also be worth exploring options like ramps or stair lifts to reduce the risk of falls altogether.Helpful stair safety measures:     Add secure handrails on both sides of the stairs      Install bright lighting along staircases      Use contrast tape or tread strips to highlight steps      Consider adding a stair lift if stairs are frequently used and mobility is limited      For small thresholds or steps, ramps may be a better solution Create a Safer, More Accessible KitchenThe kitchen is a high-traffic area with a lot of activity, and plenty of opportunities for slips or strains.A few small updates can help:     Store everyday items within easy reach to avoid bending or climbing      Use pull-out drawers and turntables in cabinets      Set up a seated workspace for preparing meals     Add non-slip mats in front of the sink and stoveThese changes help reduce risks while allowing seniors to stay active, independent, and confident in their own homes. For more helpful advice, check out these additional kitchen safety tips for seniors on the Comfort Keepers corporate blog. Taking the First Step Toward Fall Prevention for Seniors in Delta, Montrose, and the Surrounding CO CommunitiesIf you're caring for an aging loved one in Delta or the surrounding area, remember that you dont have to make all these changes at once. Start by addressing the most noticeable safety concerns, then gradually add improvements over time. Including your loved one in the process not only helps them feel more comfortable with the changes but also empowers them to take an active role in their own safety. If you have immediate concerns, it may be time to explore senior care services as an option to help.  Comfort Keepers of Delta Is Here to HelpAt Comfort Keepers, we specialize in more than just in-home care, were focused on helping seniors live confidently and joyfully in their own homes. Our caregivers are trained to spot fall risks, support mobility, and provide companionship and assistance with daily tasks that can become more difficult with age.If youre ready to explore how Comfort Keepers of Delta and Montrose, CO can support your loved one through compassionate in-home senior care, were just a phone call away. Call Comfort Keepers of Delta today at 970-241-8818 or visit https://www.comfortkeepers.com/offices/colorado/delta-montrose/contact/contact-us/to schedule your free in-home consultation

Recognizing Memory Loss: 7 Early Signs a Parent May Need Support

As adult children, we often notice the small memory changes in our parents first: maybe Mom forgets a birthday shed always remembered, or Dad seems more withdrawn than usual. While occasional forgetfulness is a normal part of aging, consistent memory issues can be a sign of something more seriouslike dementia or Alzheimers disease.At Comfort Keepers Grand Junction, we understand how difficult it can be to watch a parent change in ways you dont fully understand. Spotting the early signs and taking action early can open the door to proper support, potential treatments, and peace of mind for the entire family.Here are seven early signs of memory loss that may indicate it's time to take a closer lookand how you can help your aging loved one feel safe and supported along the way. Personality Changes or Mood SwingsHave you noticed your aging parent becoming more irritable or withdrawn? Emotional changes such as increased anxiety, signs of depression, or a tendency to isolate from others may be more than just a normal part of aging. These behavioral shifts are often among the earliest indicators of cognitive decline.What you can do: Begin by observing and documenting any patterns or changes in behavior. If these changes persist or seem out of character, it may be time to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation. Repeating Themselves OftenIf Mom is asking the same question several times in a short span or forgetting conversations entirely, it could indicate short-term memory loss.Tip: Try using calendars, written notes, or simple routines to support memory without causing frustration. Tracking how often this happens can help a doctor better assess the situation. Getting Lost in Familiar PlacesGetting turned around in a neighborhood theyve lived in for years or feeling disoriented in a regular grocery store is cause for concern.Safety comes first: Consider technology like GPS-enabled devices or check-in calls. Comfort Keepers caregivers can also provide reliable companionship and transportation around Grand Junction to help reduce stress and confusion. Making Poor or Risky DecisionsHave you noticed unexpected purchases, missed bills, or poor hygiene? These may be signs that your parents judgment is affected.Next steps: Offer to help with finances or mail in a supportive way. You might also consider speaking with an elder law professional about protections like a durable power of attorney. Difficulty with Daily RoutinesStruggling to cook meals, take medications correctly, or keep up with laundry may indicate its time for extra help. These routine activities, known as activities of daily living (ADLs), are essential to maintaining health and quality of life. When these tasks become challenging, it can put your loved one at risk for malnutrition, missed medications, or unsafe living conditions.How we can help: Comfort Keepers caregivers in Grand Junction can assist with everyday tasks while encouraging your parents independence and dignity. From preparing nutritious meals and organizing medications to light housekeeping and laundry, our compassionate team is here to provide reliable support, always with a focus on safety, respect, and preserving your loved ones sense of autonomy. Trouble Managing FinancesStacks of unpaid bills, late payments, or confusion over basic transactions might be signs your parent is struggling with memory-related issues.Your role: Offer to go over finances together, suggest automatic payments, or set reminders. If the issues persist, it might be time for more hands-on help or professional advice. Communication ChallengesAre they struggling to find the right words, follow conversations, or losing interest in talking altogether? While occasional communication lapses are common with age, consistent difficulty with communication may signal something more serious than typical senior moments. These changes can be early signs of cognitive decline and may lead to feelings of frustration, isolation, or withdrawal if not addressed.Offer support: Create a comfortable environment by speaking slowly, allowing extra time for responses, and encouraging conversation without pressure. Comfort Keepers caregivers are specially trained in compassionate, respectful communication techniques that help seniors feel heard and valued. By fostering regular, meaningful interaction, we help your loved one stay socially connected and emotionally engagedkey elements in maintaining cognitive health and overall well-being.  What to Do If Youre Concerned About Memory LossIf any of these signs sound familiar, start by documenting what youre noticingdates, behaviors, frequency, and context. This record can be helpful during a visit to your loved ones doctor and provide a clear picture of any changes.Be open and compassionate in your conversations. Express your concerns with love, focusing on their well-being. Involving family members, scheduling a medical evaluation, and asking about cognitive assessments can help you take the right next steps.Starting home care early can be the best option, as it allows for timely support and ensures your loved ones needs are met while promoting independence and dignity. Youre Not Alone, Comfort Keepers Grand Junction Can HelpWatching a loved one struggle with memory loss can be emotional and overwhelming. But you dont have to go through it alone. The earlier you reach out, the more options youll have, whether thats in-home support, memory care services, or simply someone to talk to.At Comfort Keepers Grand Junction, we specialize in Alzheimers and dementia care that goes beyond basic assistance. Our caregivers are trained to support seniors with memory challenges through Interactive Caregiving, our unique approach that emphasizes joy, connection, and engagement in daily life. We believe in doing things with our clients, not just for them, because every senior deserves to feel valued and included no matter where they are on their journey. If youre concerned about a loved ones memory, were here to help. Contact Comfort Keepers Grand Junction today to learn more about how our personalized care plans can bring peace of mind to your family and dignity to those you love.

Hurricane Preparedness Tips for Dementia Caregivers

Hurricane season is almost here. Now is the time to get your disaster plan ready. If you care for someone with Alzheimers or another type of dementia, its important to plan ahead to keep them safe.Here are some tips to help you prepare:      Shelters can be stressful for people with dementia. If you can, stay with friends or family. If you need to go to a special needs shelter, try to visit it before a storm to make sure it is a good fit.       Know the plan at any place your loved one visits or lives at, like a senior center or care home. Ask how they handle emergencies and who will help with evacuations.       Be ready for changes. People with dementia may get upset by changes in routine or being in a new place. They may wander or act out. Watch closely for signs of stress.       Stay together. Dont leave your loved one alone. Its easy for them to get lost, even in familiar places.       Stay calm. Your calm behavior can help them stay calm too.       Pack a kit. Include copies of important papers like legal documents, insurance cards, Social Security cards, a recent photo of your loved one, their doctors contact information, and the phone number for the Alzheimers Association Helpline (800-272-3900). To help caregivers, the Florida chapters of the Alzheimers Association teamed up with the University of South Florida. Together, they created a disaster preparedness guide for dementia caregivers with tips, shelter and evacuation info, and advice for talking with someone who has dementia.For more tips and local resources, visit alz.org or call the Alzheimers Association 24/7 Helpline at 800-272-3900. About the Alzheimers Association  The Alzheimers Association is a worldwide group that supports Alzheimers care, research and awareness. The groups mission is to end Alzheimers and all other dementias by leading global research, promoting early detection and risk reduction, and helping families. Its vision is a world without Alzheimers and all other dementia.

Local Services By This Author

Talkspace

Mental Health & Counseling 622 3rd Avenue, New York, New York, 10017

Online Mental Health TherapyMental health support from anywhere, available fast Talkspace provides mental health support privately and conveniently online. Receive live video therapy appointments from a highly qualified licensed therapist covered by your Medicare or Medicare Advantage plan with little wait.  Individual therapy, psychiatry, or couples counseling covered by your private insurance plan is also readily available.Talkspace provides:A private space to discuss relationships, retirement, grief, health conditions, financial concerns, life changes, and anything thats on your mindLive one-on-one therapy sessions from your computer or phoneTreatment for over 150 mental health conditions including anxiety, stress, grief, depression, OCD, BPD, and moreMessaging therapy allows you to share with your therapist 24/7 and receive feedback and advice, and is proven to be as effective as traditional therapy..Connect with a therapist within daysTalkspace will match you with a therapist who is licensed in your state and should be a good fit for your needs. Start communicating with your therapist in 1-2 days.Receive care on your scheduleTalkspace removes all the scheduling hassles so you can get mental health support anytime, anywhere. Send your therapist text, voice, or video messages through the secure Talkspace platform and hear back daily, 5 days / weekStart your care journey with Talkspace today, visit www.talkspace.com

Talkspace

Medicare Supplemental Plans 622 3rd Avenue, New York, New York, 10017

Online Mental Health TherapyMental health support from anywhere, available fast Talkspace provides mental health support privately and conveniently online. Receive live video therapy appointments from a highly qualified licensed therapist covered by your Medicare or Medicare Advantage plan with little wait.  Individual therapy, psychiatry, or couples counseling covered by your private insurance plan is also readily available.Talkspace provides:A private space to discuss relationships, retirement, grief, health conditions, financial concerns, life changes, and anything thats on your mindLive one-on-one therapy sessions from your computer or phoneTreatment for over 150 mental health conditions including anxiety, stress, grief, depression, OCD, BPD, and moreMessaging therapy allows you to share with your therapist 24/7 and receive feedback and advice, and is proven to be as effective as traditional therapy..Connect with a therapist within daysTalkspace will match you with a therapist who is licensed in your state and should be a good fit for your needs. Start communicating with your therapist in 1-2 days.Receive care on your scheduleTalkspace removes all the scheduling hassles so you can get mental health support anytime, anywhere. Send your therapist text, voice, or video messages through the secure Talkspace platform and hear back daily, 5 days / weekStart your care journey with Talkspace today, visit www.talkspace.com

Talkspace

Life Coaching 622 3rd Avenue, New York, New York, 10017

Online Mental Health TherapyMental health support from anywhere, available fast Talkspace provides mental health support privately and conveniently online. Receive live video therapy appointments from a highly qualified licensed therapist covered by your Medicare or Medicare Advantage plan with little wait.  Individual therapy, psychiatry, or couples counseling covered by your private insurance plan is also readily available.Talkspace provides:A private space to discuss relationships, retirement, grief, health conditions, financial concerns, life changes, and anything thats on your mindLive one-on-one therapy sessions from your computer or phoneTreatment for over 150 mental health conditions including anxiety, stress, grief, depression, OCD, BPD, and moreMessaging therapy allows you to share with your therapist 24/7 and receive feedback and advice, and is proven to be as effective as traditional therapy..Connect with a therapist within daysTalkspace will match you with a therapist who is licensed in your state and should be a good fit for your needs. Start communicating with your therapist in 1-2 days.Receive care on your scheduleTalkspace removes all the scheduling hassles so you can get mental health support anytime, anywhere. Send your therapist text, voice, or video messages through the secure Talkspace platform and hear back daily, 5 days / weekStart your care journey with Talkspace today, visit www.talkspace.com