Reducing Useless or Harmful Medications

Author

Dr. Don Murphy

For more information about the author, click to view their website: Dr. Don Murphy - Geriatrician

Posted on

Sep 20, 2024

The greatest challenge for all who practice geriatrics is reducing polypharmacy, the addition of medications that either provide no benefit or cause harm to seniors.  Millions of seniors end up on many medications that are not helping them and could be causing side effects.  Geriatricians are the experts in what we call de-prescription, cutting down on unnecessary medications. 

     


The key reasons seniors end up on too many medications are the following.  First, all physicians, including young geriatricians (as I was 30 years ago), have hope that newer medications will actually benefit our seniors.  The four medications we have used to treat dementia turn out to provide no benefit at all.  We can’t appreciate this until we have been in practice for decades and know how to review all of the studies that suggest there might be some marginal benefit.  Also, one must practice for many years to understand how all medications, including over-the-counter medications, can cause difficult to diagnose side effects.  For the dementia medications, we had hoped that they either alleviated symptoms, delayed the onset of dementia, or slowed the progression of dementia.  It takes years of practice and experience to realize that these medications fail to help our seniors.

     


Second, many primary care clinicians (say, family medicine physicians) and specialists (say, cardiologists) tend to overvalue medical benefit for medications used for the most common conditions.  The best example would be blood pressure medications.  All geriatricians know that we approach frail seniors differently than we approach a robust 70-year-old or a healthy 45-year-old.  Many clinicians will treat everyone the same, such as trying to keep the systolic blood pressure around 120 and the diastolic pressure around 80.  Often, these pressures are simply too low for frail seniors and even for some robust seniors.  The medications can cause lightheadedness, falls, and fractures (to name just a few side effects).

     


Third, clinicians in traditional medicine often fail to appreciate the value of alternative healing and the value of the placebo effect.  Let’s return to medications for dementia.  In recent years, we haven’t seen any commercials for the four medications I referred to above.  We’ve seen many advertisements for Prevagen and Neuriva.  These medications have not been studied extensively like the four that required many studies and FDA approval.  If seniors feel more comfortable on these OTC medications, it’s probably from the placebo effect.  That is, they feel that they are at least doing something to counter the onset or progression of dementia.  The cost is affordable, and these individuals don’t need a prescription from their doctor.  If the individual thinks Prevagen isn’t helping, or may be causing side effects, he or she can stop it at any time.  They don’t need permission from their physician. 

     

Fourth, the pharmaceutical industry has specialized in direct-to-consumer advertising.  These are entertaining and convincing ads.  It doesn’t matter what disease condition we are considering.  Every expert in marketing knows that these creative, subliminal messages get through….and result in more prescriptions. 

     


Before sharing my suggestions for cutting down on your medications, let me share a story about Elsie, a 90-year-old woman I took care of in 1992.  She was feisty and funny.  She was on the 6 medications our team had prescribed for her.  Benign positional vertigo was one of her conditions.  One of my most memorable clinic visits was the one when Elsie reported that she “followed that Harvard newsletter you gave me, Dr. Murphy, and it worked.”  She did this complex maneuver all on her own, and it eliminated her dizziness.  Then she added, “oh, and by the way, doctor, I threw all those doggone pills in the garbage….and I feel great now.” So be it.  This approach worked well for Elsie, but I don’t recommend it for others.  Here is what I suggest.

      


First, find the courage to question your clinicians.  It’s not easy when you have put so much trust in your doctor’s recommendations.  Try the soft approach.  For example, you could say, “Doctor, I’m on a lot of medications and I worry that one of them might be causing some problems.” You could mention a symptom you’ve been wondering about.  Then you ask, “could I cut down on the dose of one of these medicines to see how I do?”  If your physician agrees with this trial of dose reduction, you could ask which medication he or she would select to reduce the dose. 

     


Second, you continue with the honest communication you have established.  You don’t need to let your doctor know how you are doing a week or two later.  However, you should report that you are doing fine by calling the office staff that can document your success with the dose reduction.  Believe it or not, you are educating your primary care office about the value of dose reductions. 

     


Third, when you have more confidence in the dose reduction approach, you can specify which medication(s) you would eventually like to discontinue.  You can share feedback you’ve received from family members and friends or from the research you or they have done. 

       Ever since the 1950’s we have been moving from a paternalistic approach to health care (i.e., the doctor decides everything for your health) to a more patient-centered approach to health care.  This makes sense.  You know what’s best for your overall health, including physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and any other dimensions of health.  Your clinician’s job is to reflect your preferences.  Dose reductions of useless or harmful medications is just part of this evolution in health care. 

 

 

Dr. Don Murphy, MD, FACP


The article was written by Dr. Don Murphy, Geriatrician and Hospice Physician who plans to run for Governor of Colorado. He can be reached at [email protected], or calling 720-490-6757, or his main YouTube channel, TheCrazyMurphys5560.  

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a principal residence when applicable conditions are satisfied.Ownership and Estate Recovery Are Different IssuesAn asset's treatment during eligibility evaluation does not necessarily determine whether it may be subject to Medicaid estate recovery later.Consult an Elder Law AttorneyProperty transfers, deeds, trusts, and estate recovery questions can have serious legal implications.Families should obtain individualized legal advice before making changes to a home's ownership.Understanding the Five-Year Medicaid Look-Back PeriodOne of the most important issues in long-term care Medicaid planning is the financial look-back period.For many New Jersey long-term care Medicaid applications, the state reviews financial transactions during the preceding five years.What Is the Look-Back Period?The look-back period helps determine whether assets were transferred for less than fair market value during the relevant review period.Transactions That May Require ExplanationThese may include:Cash giftsTransfers to relativesProperty transfersLarge withdrawalsAssets sold below market valueCertain payments to family membersTransfers between financial accountsNot Every Transfer Creates a PenaltyThe treatment of a transaction depends on its circumstances, documentation, and applicable exceptions.Why Records MatterApplicants may need to demonstrate where money went and whether fair value was received.Unexplained transactions can lead to additional requests for information or adverse eligibility findings.What Is a Medicaid Transfer Penalty?Certain asset transfers made for less than fair market value may result in a penalty period affecting payment for qualifying long-term care services.How a Penalty Can Affect FamiliesA person might otherwise meet certain Medicaid eligibility requirements but face a period during which Medicaid will not pay for specified long-term care services because of a disqualifying transfer.A Penalty Can Create Financial PressureFamilies may need to identify another lawful way to pay for care during the affected period.Penalty Rules Are TechnicalThe calculation depends on applicable state rules and the circumstances of the transfer.Avoid Assuming a Gift Is HarmlessEven a well-intentioned gift to a child or grandchild may require review.Before transferring significant assets, families should obtain advice from an appropriately qualified elder law attorney.Why Families Should Avoid Improper Asset TransfersWhen an older adult anticipates high care expenses, relatives may suggest transferring savings or property to family members.Such advice can be risky.Potential ProblemsImproper transfers may:Trigger Medicaid penalty periodsDelay coverage for long-term careCreate unintended tax consequencesAffect property ownershipReduce the older adult's financial securityGenerate family disagreementsComplicate estate planningHiding Assets Is Not a Planning StrategyFinancial applications require accurate and complete information.Concealing accounts, misrepresenting ownership, or providing false statements can create serious consequences.Planning Should Be Documented and LawfulA compliant strategy should be based on applicable rules, accurate financial records, and qualified professional guidance.Protecting a Spouse Who Remains at HomeMarried couples may have particular concerns when one spouse requires residential long-term care.The spouse who continues living in the community still needs resources for housing, food, transportation, and everyday expenses.What Are Spousal Impoverishment Protections?Medicaid includes provisions intended to help protect certain income and resources for a qualifying spouse who remains in the community.Areas That May Be ConsideredThese include:Combined marital resourcesThe applicant's incomeThe community spouse's incomeApplicable resource allowancesCertain income allocation rulesOther eligibility circumstancesWhy These Protections MatterWithout appropriate planning, families may misunderstand how much money must be used toward care and what resources may be protected for the other spouse.Amounts and Rules ChangeApplicable allowances can be adjusted over time.Families should confirm current figures and obtain individualized guidance rather than relying on outdated charts.Planning for Both Spouses' Financial NeedsA good long-term care financial plan should not focus exclusively on the person applying for benefits.The Community Spouse May Still Have Expenses ForHousingProperty maintenanceUtilitiesFoodTransportationInsurancePersonal healthcareTaxesOther everyday needsConsider Separate Financial GoalsThe applicant may require extensive residential care while the spouse needs sustainable income for independent living.Review the Entire Household BudgetUnderstanding ongoing expenses is important when evaluating available resources and possible benefit options.Professional CoordinationSky Senior Planning offers financial reviews and coordination with legal and financial professionals who can advise on complex marital planning issues.The Difference Between Compliant Spend-Down and Improper TransfersFamilies sometimes hear the term spend-down during Medicaid discussions.It is important to understand what it means in the applicable eligibility context.Compliant SpendingUsing available resources for legitimate expenses, goods, or services at fair value may have a different eligibility effect from giving money away.Examples Requiring Individual EvaluationThese may include:Paying legitimate debtsAddressing necessary home repairsPurchasing appropriate care equipmentPaying allowable medical expensesArranging necessary servicesAddressing certain burial-related expensesNot Every Purchase Is Treated the Same WayThe timing, ownership, value, and applicable program rules matter.Do Not Make Major Financial Changes Based on General ExamplesA qualified professional should evaluate proposed transactions before they occur.Sky Senior Planning can help families organize their financial situation for that review.Why Caregiver Payments Need DocumentationSome older adults compensate relatives who provide substantial caregiving assistance.These arrangements can create Medicaid documentation questions.Important ConsiderationsPayments to family caregivers may need appropriate records showing the nature of the work and the compensation.Documentation May IncludeA written agreementDescription of servicesPayment recordsCaregiver logsEvidence of services providedWhy Informal Payments Can Be ComplicatedPayments without appropriate documentation may be questioned during a financial review.Seek Professional GuidanceFamily caregiver contracts can involve legal, employment, and tax considerations.An elder law attorney or other qualified professional should evaluate the arrangement.Preparing Financial Documentation Before ApplyingMedicaid planning can be more manageable when families begin gathering records early.Important Records May IncludeBank statementsRetirement account statementsInvestment recordsIncome documentationProperty recordsInsurance informationLoan agreementsMajor purchase recordsTransfer documentationCaregiving agreementsRelevant tax informationOrganize Records ChronologicallyA timeline of significant transactions may help identify missing documentation.Explain Unusual TransactionsLarge transfers, withdrawals, or account changes may require additional supporting information.Keep Complete CopiesFamilies should preserve documents and communications according to applicable privacy and recordkeeping requirements.When Should an Elder Law Attorney Be Consulted?Medicaid planning can involve legal decisions that go beyond preparing an application.Issues That May Require an AttorneyThese include:Creating or modifying trustsTransferring real estateReviewing deedsDrafting powers of attorneyEstablishing legal caregiver agreementsEvaluating complex giftsAddressing estate recoveryAdvising on spousal rightsProviding legal representationWhy Legal Advice MattersDecisions involving property and trusts can affect eligibility, taxes, inheritance, and the older adult's legal rights.Sky Senior Planning's RoleSky Senior Planning coordinates with elder law attorneys and other specialists when appropriate.It provides planning and application-related assistance but does not replace a licensed attorney.Coordinating Medicaid Planning With Financial ProfessionalsLong-term care decisions can affect multiple areas of a family's finances.Professionals Who May Be InvolvedDepending on the situation:Elder law attorneysFinancial advisorsAccountantsTax professionalsHealthcare providersMedicaid planning specialistsWhy Coordination HelpsA decision intended to address Medicaid eligibility may also affect income taxes, retirement distributions, or estate arrangements.Avoid Conflicting AdviceFamilies should ensure the professionals involved understand the overall care and financial goals.A Central Planning ProcessSky Senior Planning describes helping coordinate communication among appropriate professionals so the family's eldercare strategy is organized.Understanding the Application ProcessEven a well-developed financial plan must be followed by an accurate application when benefits are sought.Application Preparation May InvolveReviewing eligibility informationCompleting required formsGathering recordsExplaining financial transactionsSubmitting documentationResponding to agency questionsTracking official noticesGovernment Agencies Determine EligibilitySky Senior Planning may assist with preparation and submission, but the appropriate state and county agencies make eligibility decisions.Avoid Promising ApprovalAn applicant's eligibility depends on the complete record, current law, and relevant assessments.A planning strategy does not guarantee a favorable decision.What Happens if Additional Information Is Requested?A Medicaid application may require follow-up documentation.Common Requests May InvolveBank accountsIncome verificationRetirement assetsProperty ownershipTransfersMissing statementsSpousal financial informationRespond Within Required DeadlinesFailure to provide requested information can delay processing or affect the application.Keep a Communication RecordFamilies may benefit from noting submission dates, agency contacts, and documents supplied.Understand Formal NoticesRequests for information, approvals, and denials should be reviewed carefully.Avoiding Common Medicaid Planning MistakesFamilies can reduce preventable problems by recognizing common areas of confusion.Mistakes to AvoidTransferring assets without legal adviceUsing outdated eligibility limitsAssuming all property is exemptFailing to account for the five-year look-backDisregarding spousal protectionsMaking undocumented caregiver paymentsMisreporting income or assetsTaking retirement distributions without reviewing consequencesSubmitting incomplete applicationsAssuming a specialist can guarantee approvalAppropriate preparation does not eliminate every challenge, but it can help families make decisions based on accurate information.Expert Tip: Review Transactions Before Changing OwnershipMedicaid Planning Tip: Before gifting money, transferring a home, changing account ownership, or establishing a trust, request an individualized review of the financial and legal consequences. Gather records explaining significant transactions from the relevant look-back period. Proper documentation and qualified advice can help avoid decisions that unintentionally complicate long-term care eligibility.The most important step is understanding the applicable rules before taking action.Frequently Asked Questions About Medicaid Financial Planning1. Can an older adult qualify for Medicaid while still owning a home?Possibly. New Jersey Medicaid rules may provide special treatment for a principal residence under certain circumstances. Eligibility depends on the applicable rules, ownership, occupancy, and other factors. Home ownership and estate recovery questions should be reviewed individually.2. What is the five-year Medicaid look-back period?For many long-term care Medicaid applications, New Jersey reviews financial transactions during the preceding five years to identify certain transfers for less than fair market value. Disqualifying transfers may result in a period during which Medicaid will not pay for specified long-term care services.3. Does a spouse have to use all their savings before the other spouse can qualify?Not necessarily. Medicaid has spousal impoverishment protections that may allow a qualifying community spouse to retain certain income and resources. The amounts and eligibility rules depend on individual circumstances and current requirements.4. Can Sky Senior Planning help families review income and assets?Yes. Sky Senior Planning provides benefit assessments, financial reviews, personalized Medicaid planning assistance, application preparation, and coordination with appropriate professional advisors. It does not provide legal advice or determine eligibility.5. Should families consult an elder law attorney before transferring assets?Yes, legal advice is particularly important when considering trusts, real estate transfers, significant gifts, caregiver agreements, or other transactions that may affect Medicaid eligibility and property rights. Families should avoid making such changes based solely on general planning information.Preparing for Medicaid Without Unnecessary Financial RisksPlanning for long-term care can be challenging when families must balance care expenses with retirement savings, household needs, and future financial security.Medicaid may provide qualifying benefits for older adults who meet applicable requirements, but eligibility is governed by detailed rules involving income, resources, clinical needs, and financial transactions.For families throughout Monmouth County, New Jersey, Sky Senior Planning Medicaid Planning Specialistsprovides assistance intended to make this process more understandable.Through financial assessments, Medicaid planning guidance, documentation review, application preparation, and professional coordination, the organization helps families evaluate their options.Responsible planning should prioritize accurate information, lawful financial decisions, and realistic expectations.It should also consider the well-being of a spouse who remains at home and the financial consequences of decisions involving retirement accounts, property, or family transfers.No planning service can guarantee Medicaid approval or complete protection of every asset.However, understanding the rules before making significant changes can help families avoid unnecessary complications and prepare more thoughtfully for future care needs.Learn More About Sky Senior Planning Medicaid Planning SpecialistsLooking for Medicaid planning assistance in Monmouth County, New Jersey?Visit Sky Senior Planning Medicaid Planning Specialists on SeniorsBlueBook.com to explore its Medicaid Planning listing and learn about income and asset reviews, financial eligibility preparation, and long-term care planning support.Understanding financial eligibility rules before making major decisions can help older adults and their families approach long-term care planning with greater clarity.

Assisted Living vs. Nursing Homes: Are they the same?

When it comes to various housing and care communities for older adults, one of the most common misconceptions is that assisted living and nursing homes are essentially the same thing.The simple answer is, they are not. Heres how they are different:Nursing Homes Provide Skilled Medical CareNursing homes are designed for individuals who require ongoing medical supervision and skilled nursing services.Residents may:-Have complex medical conditions-Need rehabilitation after hospitalization-Require around-the-clock nursing care-Depend on specialized healthcare services, labs, medical oversight and moreMedical staff are available 24 hours a day to provide clinical care and monitor residents health in a nursing home.Assisted Living Focuses on IndependenceBy contrast, Assisted Living emphasizes lifestyle, independence, and support.Residents typically:-Live in private apartments or suites-Participate in community activities, programs and events-Receive assistance with activities of daily living, but not necessarily around the clock-Maintain greater control over their daily routinesFor many older adults, assisted living offers the right balance between support and independence. Staff provide care and guidance, but not so much that the individual is bedridden, highly monitored or restricted to a hospital-like setting.At Kavod Senior Life, Assisted Living residents enjoy the best parts of living as Kavod lifts the struggles and isolation of individual home life outside a community. Benefits include:-Three meals a day in a family-style dining environment-Activities such as music, lectures and outings (at no extra cost!)-Housekeeping, laundry and bed-making-Medication monitoring-Five wellness checks per day-On-site access to geriatric medical clinics, physical/occupational and speech therapy, and a variety of health clinics-Available add-on services (oxygen management, incontinence care and escorting to appointments around campus)-Affordable rents that are 66% below market rate in the Denver area!If youre wondering whether a nursing home or Assisted Living is right for you or your loved one, consider the tips above to help you make that decision. We are always happy to discuss your options with no obligation. Contact us today for assistance!Created with the assistance of ChatGPT